唐宋间三省在政务运行中角色与地位的演变

Changes of Position and Responsibilities of the Three Departments in Central Government from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty Based on the Changes of the Administrative System

唐宋间中枢政治体制的变革,可概括为从三省制向中书门下体制的转变。在这个变迁过程中,尚书、门下、中书三省在政务运行中的角色与地位发生着细微而深刻的变化。唐代中后期的中枢体制处于一种过渡的状态,从政务文书的成立过程和签署程式看,尽管尚未突破三省制的框架,但从新的政务运行机制的产生来看,应是处于在旧体制内成长起新的政务运行机制的发展阶段。在北宋时期完善的中书门下体制下,三省机构的设置并未弃而不置,而是融入中书门下体制内的出令系统,三省在政务运行中仍然发挥着实际的作用。

In early Tang period,the highest authority of the state was composed by Sansheng,including Shangshusheng（the Department of State Affairs）,Menxiasheng（the Chancellery） and Zhongshusheng（the Imperial Secretariat）.From the year of 723 A.D.through the early Northern Song period,the highest authority of the state was the general office of the prime minister（Zhongshumenxia）.Along with the changes of the administrative system from Tang to Song,the roles,positions,and responsibilities of Sansheng changed progressively.All those changes can be defined as incremental evolution of administrative systems.