当代西方关于“公共”的三种政治哲学的辩难与共识

Three Types of Political Philosophies on the Public in Contemporary West:Arguments and Consensus

当代西方活跃着三种关于"公共"的政治哲学,就是自由主义、共和主义与新左理论的公共的政治哲学。在三者之间,存在着连贯性的相互批评:共和主义批评自由主义的公共理论的自由观、自我观和程序观,新左理论批评自由主义的中立观,而自由主义则辩护性地捍卫自己的自由观、个人论和国家观。三者之间的思想表象是对立的。深入分析可见,它们之间是具有底线共识的:关于公共具有论述主题的一致性,关于公共维护具有共同的制度基准,关于公共主张的辩难具有共同的"敌手"。因此,三种"公共"的政治哲学都是维护现代性政治的理论体系。

There are three kinds of political philosophies on＂the public＂vibrating in contemporary western academia.They are the political philosophies of liberalism,republicanism and the new-left theory.Among the three there are consistent exchanged criticisms.Liberalism has been criticized by republicanism on its ideas of liberty,the self and procedure of the public theory,as well as by the new-left theory on its idea of neutrality.Meanwhile,liberalism defends itself for its ideas of liberty,individuality and the state.Phenomenally,thoughts of the three are contrary to one another.However,in a profound analysis,they all possess bottom-line consensus,which is demonstrated in following aspects： the consistency on the main subjects of the public,the common institutional criteria on preserving the public,and the common opponents in the debates among the claims of the public.Thus,all the three kinds of political philosophies on the public are theoretical systems to defend the politics of modernity.