植物阻沙能力研究进展

Research Review of Capacity of Plant for Trapping Blown Sand

植物单株与群落的阻沙能力可以用植物周围沉积的积沙体体积与输沙率来衡量,其受植物地上形态结构、粗糙元密集度以及群落配置等多种因素影响。相同区域环境下不同种类的植物以及同种植物在与风沙活动季节相对应的不同物候期内,阻沙能力受冠层形态、茎枝的柔韧性、叶面积以及由此导致的地上生物量分配模式等因素影响较大。因此,植物的阻沙能力应综合各参数进行评价。从植物个体的形态结构及群体的形态结构方面深入介绍了国内外关于植物阻沙能力的研究进展,并指出今后工作的方向:①科学寻找测定植物茎枝柔韧性的方法,如根据不同风速条件下枝条的摆动幅度,对柔韧性定量地进行等级划分,制定植物阻沙能力评价指标体系;②确定植物群落阻沙的临界粗糙元密集度;③在群落达到有效粗糙度密集度情况下,加强配置形式的多样化,探讨不同配置模式对群落阻沙能力的影响,以寻求植被粗糙元密集度、群落配置多样化(如改变行距与株距)与阻沙效应最大化之间的有效性与协调性,从而对当前生态建设实践有所贡献。

Above-ground parts of the plant are key components that alter the wind flow and affect the movement of blown sand.The volume of dune body and sediment transport rate may be used to measure the capacity of plant for trapping blown sand,which is influenced by some factors such as plant morphology and structure,roughness concentration,community collocation and so on.Under the same circumstance,different plants may have different capacities for trapping blown sand due to differential crown morphology,flexibility of branch and leaf area.In different phonological phases of the same plant,the factors like crown morphology,flexibility of branch,leaf area and the resulting distribution pattern of aboveground biomass change significantly.There are several future research directions of capacity of plant for trapping blown sand.（1） How to determine and divide the flexibility levels of plant branch,and to develop evaluation indexes and system of capacity of plant for trapping blown sand;（2） how to make certain the critical roughness concentration of plant community for trapping blown sand;（3） how to enhance the diversity of configuration models when community roughness concentration reaches critical roughness concentration,and find the effectiveness and coordination among roughness concentration,community collocation（when distance between rows and hills changes） and utility maximization to contribute to the current practice of ecological construction.