早产儿生后第一年屈光发育及其影响因素的研究

Study of refractive development state and clinic affective factors in premature infants without retinopathy during their early life

【目的】探讨无视网膜病变早产儿在出生后第一年屈光发育特征和影响其发育的临床因素,了解早产儿的早期视觉发育。【方法】选取2008年12月—2010年3月在本院随访的早产儿94人,从校正月龄6月龄起跟踪随访至12月龄的屈光发育。分别检测6月龄、9月龄、12月龄时屈光状态,分析不同出生体重、胎龄对眼屈光状态发育的影响。【结果】早产儿远视和近视的发生率在不同月龄组间差异无统计学意义,而散光的发生率及程度均较高,分别为6月龄(55%),9月龄(22%),12月龄(10%),差异具有统计学意义,随年龄增长散光呈下降趋势。早产儿校正9月龄和12月龄组显示出生体重影响着屈光不正发生率,在12月龄时显示胎龄越小屈光不正发生率越高。【结论】早产儿出生后第一年的屈光状态变化比较大,屈光不正随年龄的增长而有所下降,特别是散光的程度随年龄增长下降明显,出生体重和胎龄是影响早产儿屈光状态发展的重要因素。

【Objective】 To explore the development of the refractive status and clinical risk factors in premature infants without retinopathy during their first year after birth. 【Methods】 94 medical health premature infants at 6 months of corrected age during January 2008 to March 2010 were selected,and their refractive development to 12 months were tracked up.Refraction was determined at 6 months,9 months and 12 months old by Suresight Welch.The impact of gestational age and birth weight on refractive status of premature infants were analyzed. 【Results】 High incidence of astigmatism was found on preterm infants,and it declined with the age increasing.At 9 and 12 months old of corrected age,birth weight was an influencing factor of refractive error in premature infants.At 12 months old of corrected age,gestational age was another important influencing factor of refractive error in premature infants. 【Conclusions】 During the first year after birth,refraction of premature infants is changeable.The incidence of ametropia,especially the degree of astigmatism,is decreased with age increasing.Birth weight and gestational age both are important factors which can influence refraction of premature infants.