不同智力水平人群n-3 PUFAs差异及膳食补充对体内脂肪酸组成的影响研究

Differences of fatty acid composition between children with high and low intelligence quotient and the influence of dietary supply of n-3 fatty acids on children with low intelligence quotient in Yuyao

【目的】研究高智商(IQ>135)与低智商(IQ<90)学生体内n-6与n-3脂肪酸水平差异,以及补充n-3类多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFAs)对IQ<90的学生体内脂肪酸组成的影响作用。【方法】整群抽取浙江余姚中等水平乡镇的2所普通小学,通过智力测定筛选出IQ<90以及>135的学生两组,采集静脉血分析其脂肪酸组成。采用随机对照研究方法,将IQ<90的学生进行随机分组,分别给予为期3个月的干预食物(富含n-3 PUFAs)与对照食物,对干预前后的血脂肪酸水平数据进行比较。【结果】智商高低学生体内脂肪酸水平存在明显差异:IQ>135的学生其体内花生四稀酸(arachidonic acid,AA)、二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(docosa-hexaenoic acid,DHA)以及n-3 PUFAs水平明显高于IQ<90的学生(P<0.001或<0.05);而亚油酸(linoleic acid,LA)水平以及n-6/n-3 PUFAs比例明显低于IQ<90的学生(P<0.05或<0.01)。同时,在对IQ<90的学生补充富含n-3PUFAs的食物后,其体内脂肪酸组成也发生显著变化,表现为:α-亚麻酸(α-linolenic acid,ALA)、EPA、DHA以及n-3 PU-FAs水平显著提高(P<0.05或<0.001),而n-6/n-3 PUFAs比例明显下降(P<0.001)。【结论】智商高的学生体内AA及DHA水平较高而n-6/n-3 PUFAs比例较低。同时,对智商低的学生补充n-3 PUFAs可以改变其体内的脂肪酸组成,使其更为接近高智商学生体内的脂肪酸组成。

【Objective】 To investigate the differences of fatty acid（FA） composition between children with high（135） and low（90） intelligence quotient（IQ） and the influence of dietary supply of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids（PUFAs） on children with low IQ（90） in Yuyao. 【Methods】 In two common primary schools of Yuyao,students from Grade two to Grade five were selected to two groups（IQ 135 and IQ90） by intelligence test（Combined Raven Test,CRT）.Their blood were collected and the FA composition was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography.In the IQ90 group,students were randomly assigned to receive either control food or food supplemented with n-3 PUFAs according to the randomized controlled trial（RCT） rules.Data of fatty acid composition were collected before and after the dietary supplementation. 【Results】 There were significant differences of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids（LC-PUFAs） composition in these students with high and low intelligence quotient.Among students with high IQ,arachidonic acid（AA）,eicosapentaenoic acid（EPA）,docosahexaenoic acid（DHA） and n-3 PUFAs levels were higher（P0.001 or 0.05） than students with low IQ,while linoleic acid（LA） and the n-6/n-3 ratio was lower（P0.05 or 0.01） than students with low IQ.In the IQ90 group,α-linolenic acid（ALA）,EPA,DHA and n-3 PUFAs level were significantly increased（P0.05 or 0.001） and the n-6/n-3 ratio was decreased（P0.001） after the n-3 PUFAs supplementation. 【Conclusions】 The students with high IQ had higher AA and DHA level and lower n-6/n-3 ratio.And the supplementation of n-3 PUFAs could improve their FA level in students with IQ90,making it close to those IQ135.We hope more studies will concentrate on the functional outcomes after the FA improvement in those IQ90.