湿地生态安全评价研究进展

Research Review on Ecological Security Assessment of Wetland

生态安全评价是对生态系统完整性及对各种风险下维持其健康可持续能力的识别与判断研究。湿地生态安全评价作为生态安全评价的组成部分,因其类型的多样性和评价过程的复杂性,已成为研究的热点与难点问题。该文介绍了生态安全的概念,在此基础上诠释了湿地生态安全的定义。综述了湿地生态安全评价的尺度、指标体系和方法研究进展,从评价范围看,由中小尺度到大尺度的研究将是该领域的一个发展趋势;在评价指标上,经历了从单一的生态安全因素逐渐扩展到涵盖多个因素的综合研究过程;在评价方法上,已由最初定性的简单描述发展为现今定量的数字判断。目前湿地生态安全评价研究处于起步阶段,仍存在不少问题,在进一步发展基础理论的同时,还需要在尺度转换、指标体系构建、研究方法、生态安全管理和调控等方面做深入探索。

Ecological security assessment is the identification and judgment of ecosystem completeness and sustainable ability to maintain ecosystem health under all kinds of risks.While ecological security assessment of wetland,as an integral part of the ecological security assessment,becomes a hotspot of research due to the diversity of wetland types and the complexity of the assessment process.In this paper,firstly the definition of ecological security of wetland was interpreted based on the concepts of ecological security,and then the main progress and achievements in the scale,index system and assessment methods were summarized.The development trend of scale research would be from middle-small scale to large scale,the index system had been gradually extended to the comprehensive research covering more than one factor based on single ecological security factors,the assessment methods had been transformed from the initial qualitative simple description to the current quantitative digital judgments.Ecological security assessment is at the early stage of development at present,and there are some problems to be solved.As further develop the theory of ecological security of wetland,some aspects such as scale transformation,index system,quantification methods,management and control of wetland ecological security should be deeply discussed.