协商民主对公民参与的多维审视与局限

The Multidimensional Examinations of Deliberative Democracy for the Citizen Participation and Limitations

20世纪末期,在西方社会自由主义民主和代议制民主都遭受了前所未有的质疑和批判的背景下,以强调公民参与为基础的一种全新的民主范式——协商民主迅速兴起。协商民主从不同的维度对公民参与进行了审视,进而使公民参与的平等性、合法性、责任和理性得到了全新的认知与阐释,协商民主极大地激发了公民参与的热情,推动了公民参与和公民社会的迅速发展,使公民参与成为21世纪民主发展的主流。但与此同时,协商民主在公民参与问题上也不可避免地存在着一定的局限,它过度地强调了公民参与的理性,也忽略了资源占有程度对公民参与产生的影响。

At the end of the 20th century in western country, under the background of liberal democracy and representative democracy suffered from the unprecedented questioned and criticized, a new democratic paradigm： deliberative democracy, which emphasized citizen participation, was rising rapidly. From the different dimensions, deliberative democracy examined the citizen participation, and thus made the equality, legality, responsibility and rationality of the citizen participation get a very new cognition and interpretation. Deliberative democracy tremendously inspired the enthusiasm of citizen participation, promoted the citizen participation and the rapid development of civil society, made the citizen participation become the mainstream of the development of the democracy in the 21st century. Meanwhile, as to the citizen participation, the deliberative democracy inevitably had some certain limitations, it unduly stressed the rationality of the citizen participation, and ignored the impact of the extent of the resources possession on citizen participation.