从社会建构主义到新闻建构论

From Social Constructivism to News Constructivism

社会建构主义力图理解个体与个体间的意义和动机,它视个人为具备资格能力和沟通能力的行动者,积极主动地建构着社会世界,其学术脉络大致可分为受韦伯影响的现象学、常人方法学以及受齐美尔影响的符号互动论。社会建构主义深刻地影响了以塔克曼、甘姆逊等为代表的新闻建构论,使后者更为关注社会系统中的互动、意义和符号,并将作为符号载体与源泉的新闻传播过程引入其后更深更广的历史背景与社会结构,在历史社会语境中考察新闻的生产、传播与接收。

Social constructivism tries to interpret the meaning and motivation between individuals,which regards individual as behavior qualified with communication skills and constructing the real world actively.It can be divided into three branches：the phenomenology influenced by Weber,Ethnomethodology and symbolic interaction theory influenced by Simmel.Social constructivism profoundly affects news constructivism which is in the person of Tuchman and Gamson and makes the latter more concerned about interaction,meaning and symbol in the social system.News constructivism observes the news communication including production,dissemination and reception in a much wider and deeper historical background and social structure.