microRNA与消化系肿瘤的研究进展

Study Progress of Relationsip between microRNAs and digestive system tumor

microRNA是一类长约19～25nt，能在转录后水平负性调节mRNA表达的小分子非编码单链RNA。它们广泛存在于真核生物体内，参与调节各种细胞过程．包括细胞凋亡、造血细胞分化、新陈代谢、皮肤生发及神经系统发育。miRNA作为调控基因表达的重要分子在肿瘤发生和发展中的作用越来越受到重视，阐明miRNA在肿瘤发生和发展中的作用机制具有重要的理论意义。miRNA在肿瘤发生和发展过程中的重要调控功能预示其将成为人类癌症诊断和治疗方面的新星。文章综述jmiRNA在胃癌、结肠癌、肝癌和胰腺癌中作用机制的研究进展。

MicroRNAs are a class of 19--25 nucleotide small non-coding single chain RNAs, which can negatively regulate the expression of target mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. They generally reside in eukaryot and take part in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, including apoptosis, haematopoietic differentiation, metabolism, skin morphogenesis and neural development. The significant roles of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and development indicate that they may become a powerful tool for diagnosis and treatment of human cancers in the future. It is of great theoretical significance to elucidate underlying mechanism of miRNA the processes of tumorigenesis and development. This review introduces the progress of understanding the mechanism of miRNA tumors, including gastric carcinomas, colorectal cancer,hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer.