自然资源约束下的中国农业发展

China's Agricultural Development under the Constraints of Natural Resources

农业生产是以自然资源为基础的活动,土地等自然资源仍然是发展中国家农业发展过程中最普遍的限制性因素。因此,自然资源禀赋不能被看做是既定的因素而忽视其作用。中国是世界上农业资源严重匮乏的国家之一。农业自然资源匮乏对中国农业生产率提高、农业经营规模扩大、农业产业结构调整等都有着很强的制约作用,进而影响着中国农业现代化的模式和进程。在自然资源约束条件下,中国农业发展的主要策略是加快农业技术创新,实现由资源型农业向科学型农业的转变;选择合适的农业经营方式,着重扩大农户外部经营规模;调整农产品贸易结构,出口劳动密集型农产品,换取土地密集型农产品;发展生态农业,建立农业可持续发展的新模式。

Agricuhural production is a natural resource-based activity, land and other natural resources are still the most common constraints in the process of agriculture development in developing countries. Therefore, natural resource endowment can not be considered an established factor and ignore its role. China is one of the most agricultural resource-scarce countries in the world. Agricultural and natural resources shortage have strongly restricted agricultural productivity, the scale of agricultural operations, agriculture structure adjustment, etc, and thereby affected the pattern and the pace of China＇ s agricultural modernization. Under the condition of the natural resource constraints, China＇ s main strategies for agricultural development are to accelerate agriculture technology innovations and transfer the resource-based agriculture to science-based agriculture; select the appropri- ate mode of agricultural operation, focus on the expansion of external scale of farmers; adjust the agricultural trade structure, export labor-intensive agricultural products in exchange for land-intensive agricultural products; develop ecological agriculture and establish a new model for sustainable agricultural development.