我国农田防护林效益综述——兼谈不同类型林网的防护效益

A summary of China's farm shelter-belt system and its beneficial comparison with different types of shelter-belt

我国农田防护林的效益,首先是减免风沙地区的沙尘风暴危害,为农业稳产、高产创造基本的保障条件,从而增加单位面积产量一倍以上;其次是改善、优化干旱多风地区农作物的生态环境条件,使单位面积产量增加5.5％～47.9％。我国营造的灌丛矮林小林网型、宽带大网型,形式设计型和窄林带小网格型四种类型的护田林网,以窄林带小网格型的效益最好,可以收到预期效益。其它三种类型的效益差、占地多、缺点多,从护田增产角度看,不宜继续推广。

After 30 years of study and observation by scientific research institutions at different regions and investigation by the author, the benefits of the farm land protective shelter belts in China are, firstly, to alleviate the damage of wind storms to stabilize the agricultural production, so as to increase the per unit output more than one time; secondly, to improve the ecological environmental conditions in arid and windy areas where the per unit output could be increased by 5.5%～47.9%.There are 4 types of sbelter belt network in China, such as small belt network with bushes and dwarfing trees, large and wide belt network, conventional belt network andsmallchecked network with narrow belt. Among the 4 types,the small checked network with narrow belt has been proved as the best one, while the other three types are less beneficial in practice for more land occupied and many disadvantages, so that they should not be popularized in future in view of land utilization and increasing agricultural production.