新制度经济学的市场观——兼与西方主流经济学市场观的比较

Conception of the Market in New Institutional Economics

新制度经济学认为,市场是一种制度,是作为社会所采取的用于解决稀缺资源使用冲突的一种方式而产生的,市场之所以能成为一种普遍的社会存在是因为其能够比战争等其他方式更有助于促进社会经济效率。界定明晰而稳定的个人产权是使市场有效运行的前提条件,市场不是一种以普遍和谐为基础的制度。新制度经济学这种市场观与西方主流经济学的观点有着深刻的差异。它揭示并弥补了后者的许多不足或局限性,有助于人们对市场形成更为完整深入科学的认识。

The new institutional economics holds that market is an institution,which emerges as a method adopted by the society to resolve the conflicts in using scarce resources and has become a universal being because it can boost the social economy more efficiently than other ways,such as war.It also holds that the specifically delimited and stable private property rights is a prerequisite for the efficient operation of the market,which is not an institution based on a universal harmony.These conceptions are profoundly different from those of the Western orthodox mainstream economics.They reveal and remedy many defects or limitations in the latter and could help people to achieve a more complete,deeper and more scientific understanding of the market.