医院感染的流行病学研究

Study on the epidemiology of nosocomial infection

目的 了解医院感染的流行特征。方法 根据卫生部医院感染监控小组确定的标准 ,对 1993～ 1997年 2 5 2 33例住院病人中发生的 10 88例医院感染者进行临床流行病学研究。结果 医院感染发生率为 4.31% ,1993～ 1994年医院感染率 ( 5 .7% )高于 1995～ 1997年医院感染率( 3.63% ) ( χ2 =71.2 8,P <0 .0 1) ,差异有显著意义。医院感染率以烧伤科最高 ( 9.61% ) ,泌尿外科最低 ( 1.81% )。医院感染发生部位以呼吸道为主 ,占 5 4.14 %。结论 加强对医院感染的监测与系统管理对降低医院感染率效果显著。医院感染的主要部位是呼吸道。

Objective To study the epidemiologic features of nosocomial infection. Methods According to the standard set up by monitoring team under Ministry of Health on nosocomial infection, a study on the epidemiology of nosocomial infection was carried out on 1 088 cases among 25 233 in-patients from 1993 to 1997. Results The rate of nosocomial infection was 4.31 %. The infection rate from 1993 to 1994 was 5.7 %, higher than 3.63 % from 1995 to 1997, with statistical significance (χ 2= 71.28 , P < 0.01 ). The highest nosocomial infection rate ( 9.61 %) was seen in the Department of Burnt, while the lowest was in the Department of Urinary surgery ( 1.81 %). The site of nosocomial infection occurred mainly in the respiratory tract ( 54.14 %). Conclusion Monitoring and systematic management on nosocomial infection can effectively reduce the rate of nosocomial infection.