北京酒仙桥地区中老年人群心血管病发病相关因素的调查和分析

Investigation on the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in the middle-elderly persons in Jiuxianqiao district of Beijing

目的 了解北京酒仙桥地区中老年人群心血管病发病的相关因素 ,以制定合理的预防措施。方法 于 1996年 6～ 12月对该地区 9个居委会抽样调查了 5 87名 5 0岁以上中老年人的健康状况 ,主要包括身高、体重、血压、空腹血糖和血脂、75 g葡萄糖耐量试验和心电图检查 ,并抽样检查了 30 4人的空腹胰岛素。结果 发现超重及肥胖在小学文化程度及文盲者中所占比例最大(P <0 .0 1) ,同时女性超重及肥胖所占比例高于男性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但不同年龄间超重及肥胖与非超重间构成比差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。在超重及肥胖者中高脂血症、高血压、冠心病、糖耐量低减和糖尿病的患病率明显高于非超重者 (P <0 .0 1) ,超重及肥胖者中空腹血糖、胰岛素、总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平明显高于非超重者 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 对中老年人群进行以预防肥胖为重点的健康教育 。

Objective To study the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in the middle-elderly population and develop reasonable prevention strategies. Methods We investigated the healthy status of 587 middle-elderly persons aged 50 years and sampled in nine communities of Jiuxianqiao district from June to December 1996. Height,weight,blood pressure,blood glucose and lipids, oral 75 grams glucose loading trial and electrocardiography were examined. The fasting blood insulin levels were examined in 304 sampled subjects. Results We found that the percentage of overweight and obesity was highest in subjects with educational levels of primary school and illiterates ( P < 0.01 ) and the percentage of overweight and obesity was significantly higher in female than in male ( P < 0.05 ), but there were no significant differences among the five age groups ( P > 0.05 ). We also found that the prevalence rates of hyperlipidemia, hypertension,coronary heart disease, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes were significantly higher in subjects with overweight and obesity than in those without ( P < 0.01 ). Fasting blood glucose and insulin level, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in individuals with overweight and obesity than in those without. Conclusion Results suggested that it is urgent to strengthen health education to the middle-elderly population in order to prevent obesity and reduce the incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases.