词汇化语法化的标准及其理据——以“一样”为例

构式是具有独立形式、意义与功能的结构体,其形成一般要经历漫长的演化。盛新华、魏春妮以合成词构式"一样"的形成为例,分析了词汇语法化的主要标准:语义融合、抽象化、不可替性、句法功能变化,并认为心理因素引导、跨范畴语义迁移、高频率运用是"一样"词汇语法化的语用理据。雷冬平则讨论了表达"极度"意义的构式"最/再+X+不过"的形成过程,认为源式"N1最/再+A+(也)+A+不过N2"通过成分移位、成分删除以及宾语话题化等推导形成,构式语义在三段式的推论中获得并进一步抽象为"极其"义。朱军从宏观上讨论了构式"独立性"的特征及其成因:在形式上主要经历固定化或格式化,在意义上经历虚化、主观化或喻化,在功能上经历篇章化、范畴化,并认为特定构式"独立性"的形成一般要经历数种演化过程。

Construction is independence in form,semantic and function,and usually need go through a long evolution. SHENG Xin-hua and WEI Chun-ni analysis main standards of lexicalization grammaticalization with compound word construction 'Yiyang(一样)' as example,as follows:the semantic meaning be integrated,semantic meaning be of Abstraction,unit not be substituted and syntactic function be changed. The grammaticalization of 'Yiyang(一样)' is pragmatically based on the following:the leading role of psychological factors,the semantic transformation cross different categories,and its high frequency of use. LEI Dong-ping talks over 'lever' construction 'Zui(最)+X+buguo(不过)',and thinks the source construction 'Zui(最)+X+buguo(不过)' by component displacement,components removed and the topicalization of object. In this grammaticalization process,the semantic of constructions can be obtained by three segment inference. The meaning of the construction is 'A to unsurpassed (match)',which can be further Abstracted to be the meaning of 'extremely'. ZHU Jun discusses independence characteristic and evolutionary approach of construction macroscopicly. There is hard-wired or productivity in the form. There is Abstraction,subjectization or metaphorization in the semantic.There is chapteraton,categorization in the function. 'Independence' of specific construction generally goes through more of evolution experience.