子夏孔门求学三事考辨

A Textual Criticism of Three Statements About Zi Xia's Study Under Confucius

子夏孔门求学事迹,《礼记》、《说苑》、《孔子家语》等多有记述,但说法不一,时间地点不明,真相难辨。究其实,子夏于鲁哀公七年出任卫国行人,车有盖是公务需要;孔子不"借盖"是知其贫无二盖,担心影响其公务。子夏"短于财"而非"吝于财"。子夏丧亲在哀公九年,服丧期间研读《尚书》,为免遭赵简子报复而"使民未有闻焉"。子夏哀公十四年受孔子委派赴洛邑"求周《史记》",过卫遇"读史记者"纠正"亥豕之讹",并非"返魏"。

Records of Zi Xia＇s study under Confucius could be found in many ancient books such as the Rites,Garden of Anecdotes and Confucius Precepts to His Family,but no consensus has been reached over when and where Confucius taught Zi Xia.In this paper,a textual criticism will be done around three statements：1） in the 7th year in the reign of King Ai of the State of Lu,Zi Xia assumed the post of director of receptions in the State of Wei,and his chariot was equipped with a canopy for the exigencies of public service;2） Because Zi Xia had no extra chariot canopy,Confucius did not borrow one from him in case that should obstruct Zi Xia＇s work for the public;3） High official as he was,Zi Xia was poor but not miserly or closefisted.In the 9th year in the reign of King of the State of Lu,Zi Xia lost his relative.When he was in mourning,he scrutinized the Book of History,as was kept as a secret in case of being revenged upon by Zhao Jianzi.In the 14th year in the reign of King Ai of the State of Lu,Zi Xia was sent by Confucius to Luoyi to collect historical materials,and he helped the local historians correct some misstatements about some historical events when he travelled through the State of Wei on his errand.