血亲情理还是理性主义——中西方德性与知识研究视角透视

Genetic Reason or Rationalism——Virtue and Knowledge from the Western Perspective

知性在西方的哲学中是一个认识论的概念,是理性在意识中的思辨反思,是感觉知觉的综合而形成的概念能力向度。但一旦当知性所欲求的知识与力的冲动相联系而具有伦理精神,其德性的形成即具有理性主义的特征,或者说,知识与德性之间也形成了概念话语的某种关系的张力,在西方,倾向于德性的理性主义,在东方则是知识的德性主义,或说知性德性。而在中国古代,没有知性的概念,和古希腊一样是以知和智实现向德性的转换。但是由于传统心性儒家赋予知或智以道德情感,心性相融本身已经祛魅知识在德性形成中的作用,甚至其知行合一预示了对道德行为的漠视。而荀子与心性儒家不同,心无德蕴涵了对知识的渴求和转知成德的期望,其复反其初的知性思维把知识与德性的关系嵌入行为的践履之中,而其现实主义品格、实践理性的精神又隐含了对德性的尊重并且把知识与伪相结合赋予知性分的特质及其追求义利和谐、德得相通的和一特征。

The intellectual philosophy in the West is a concept of epistemology in the sense of speculative reflection, is the formation of sensory perception of the concept of comprehensive and ability dimensions. However, once the desire for knowledge and intellectual impulse force is associated with the ethical, between knowledge and moral discourse is created a concept of a relationship tension. The Western tend to moral rationalism, While the Eastern to the knowledge Moralist, or intellectual virtue. In ancient China, there is no intellectual concept, and ancient Greece is known as to achieve the moral and intellectual conversion. However, due to the traditional Confucian Mind knowledge or wisdom given to moral sentiments, Mind blends with Disenchantment knowledge in the role of moral formation, and even the unity of knowledge indicates the neglect of moral behavior.