论老庄的权变思想——兼论魏晋玄佛学者对它的发挥

On the contingency thinking by Laozi and Zhuangzi——On the contributions of the metaphysics and Buddhism of Wei and Jin dynasties

老庄哲学虽然向有"否定哲学"之称,但它对现实王权及其"有为"行为并不一概否定。在老庄看来,"无君无为"固然是人类最美好的在世型态,但是当人的邪欲产生以后,当人们逐渐远离了自己的本性,君王的临御也势在必行。只有通过君王的"有为"行为,甚至不惜发动战争,人们才能重返失落的家园。所不同者只在道家哲学所说的"有为",都不过是一时的权变,并不像儒墨名法那样将其视为常则。有关这一点,我们在魏晋玄佛学者那里也同样可以获得十分明切的认识。

The Laozi-Zhuangzi philosophy is constantly known as philosophy of negation which does not deny the kingship though.While anarchy and inaction is considered as the best worldly status,the evil desires drive human beings out of their own nature.Through the action or war under the ruler,individuals may regain their lost homes.It is argued that the action of the Taoism is nothing but a change,unlike the conception of convention claimed by Mencius.This echoes with the metaphysics by Buddhism of Wei and Jin.