嫉妒检验与资源平等——反思德沃金平等观的检验标准

Envy test and equality of resources——Reflections on the criteria of envy test by Dworkin

"嫉妒检验"是罗纳德.德沃金所建构的名为"资源平等"的分配正义理论的重要检验标准。很多人认为嫉妒检验是一种心理检验标准,一旦满足嫉妒检验标准,资源的分配就是平等的。实际上,这是对嫉妒检验标准的双重误解,嫉妒检验是一种经济检验标准而非心理检验标准,同时,嫉妒检验是资源平等分配的必要条件而非充分条件。消除对嫉妒检验标准的误解,有助于正确理解德沃金的资源平等理论。

Ronald Dworkin constructs a theory of equality of resources.Envy test is an important testing standard of equality of resources.Envy test is usually considered as a psychological test,and once it is satisfied,allocation of resources will be equal.This is a dual misunderstanding,in effect.Envy test is an economic rather than a psychological test,and it requires equal distribution of resources as a sufficient condition.