新疆南疆核桃的品质与特性

Quality and Characteristics of Walnut in South Xinjiang

[目的]为高品质核桃果品的生产及开发利用提供理论依据。[方法]在南疆的阿克苏、和田及喀什采集25种核桃样品,测定并计算其坚果重、种仁重、出仁率和果实的长、宽、厚、平均直径及壳厚等。[结果]南疆核桃品种的平均果重、平均出仁率、平均壳厚分别为15.50g、55.18%和1.32mm,其中阿克苏、和田及喀什地区核桃的平均果重分别为13.11、17.58、17.78g,平均出仁率分别为58.89%、50.79%和52.17%,平均壳厚分别为1.06、1.71、1.51mm。和田、喀什地区核桃种质的形态指数较高,分别为2.796和2.667,阿克苏地区核桃种质的形态指数较低(1.527)。栽培品种和本土普通品种的果基部、果形指数、皱折差异不显著,果顶部、刻点、果缝线差异极显著。[结论]南疆核桃栽培品种和实生类型在果实性状上存在明显差异。

[Objective] The purpose of the study was to supply theoretical basis for the production and exploitation of high-quality walnut fruit.[Method] Twenty-five walnut samples were collected from Aksu,Hotan and Kashkar of south Xinjiang and the nut weight,kernal weight,kernal rate and the length,width,thickness,mean diameter and shell thickness of fruit were measured and calculated.[Result] The mean fruit weight,mean kernal rate and mean shell thickness of walnut variety in south Xinjiang were 15.50 g,55.18% and 1.32 mm resp.Among them,the mean fruit weight,mean kernal rate and mean shell thickness of walnuts produced from Aksu,Hotan and Kashkar areas were 13.11,17.58 and 17.78 g;58.89%,50.79% and 52.17%;1.06,1.71 and 1.51 mm resp.The morphological indexes of walnut germplasm in Hotan and Kashkar areas were higher,being 2.796 and 2.667 resp.and that of Aksu area was lower,being 1.527.The fruit base,fruit-shape indexes and wrinkle of cultivars and local common varieties had no significant difference and the fruit tops,punctum and fruit crack had extremely significant difference.[Conclusion] The cultivars and seedling type of walnut had obvious difference in fruit charcters in south Xinjiang.