嫁接板栗胴枯病病害调查与防治研究

Grafting Chestnut Carcass Blight Disease Investigation and Control

[目的]掌握嫁接板栗胴枯病发病规律,研究其防治方法,以提高嫁接成活率,为生产、科研提供技术支持。[方法]于2008～2010年,先后在陕西省镇安县板栗产区对该病的危害症状、病原传播方式、发病条件及发病规律进行调查,通过不同时期、药剂、防治次数的试验,得出嫁接板栗胴枯病的防治方法。[结果]板栗嫁接时主要感病危害部位为嫁接伤口,可引起嫁接部位腐烂、皱缩、干枯,不能成活,降低嫁接成活率。胴枯病病原为子囊菌亚门真菌,由子囊菌孢子和分生孢子侵染所致,该病菌为兼性寄生菌,只能从伤口侵入;病菌孢子主要借风雨、砧木伤口和接穗接触传染。在镇安县,4月上、中旬是嫁接板栗植株发病高峰,病斑扩展快、可在短期内造成砧木伤口处腐烂,不能形成愈伤组织,嫁接接穗枯死。不同药剂、防治时期、防治次数下的板栗嫁接胴枯病防治效果有明显差异。[结论]药剂种类和用药时期是防治板栗嫁接胴枯病的关键,每年4月上旬,喷洒40%福美砷药剂500倍液2～3次,对嫁接板栗胴枯病的防治率可达83.6%,具有较好的防治效果。

[Objective] To grasp the occurrence of the grafting chestnut blight disease,discover the effective control methods,improving the survival ratio of grafted seedlings and providing technical support for production,scientific research.[Method] From 2008 to 2010,the disease symptoms,pathogen of hazard communication,disease conditions and occurrence investigation were carried out in chestnut production areas of Zhenan County.Through tests of different control periods and control chemicals and different control times,the effective control methods were concluded.[Result] While grafting,the grafting wound was the main susceptible parts.The part could become decaying,dry and crimple.The grafting survival rate would be reduced.The pathogen of the grafting chestnut blight disease was Ascomycete fungi;the disease was caused by spores and conidia infection.It was facultative parasitic fungi,invasion only from the wound.The spores spread through the storm,the rootstocks wound and Scion.Early 20 days of April was the peak of grafting plant chestnut blight disease,the disease spots were extending fast,it might result in the short term stock wound rot,and cannot form a callus,grafting scion dead.Different chemicals,treatment periods and control times on chestnut blight disease got significantly different control effects.[Conclusion] Suitable fungicides and application times were the key to control the grafting chestnut blight disease.In Zhenan County of Shanxi Province,in the first 10 days of April of each year,spraying 40% asomate pharmacy 500 times liquid 2-3 times on the grafting chestnut got a good control effect,the rate reached 83.6%.