北碚地区冬季低温冷害分析及其对花木的影响与防御对策

Analysis on Cold Damage of Beibei Area in Winter and Its Influence on Flowers and Trees and Countermeasures

[目的]为重庆北碚地区花木产业的发展提供指导。[方法]利用北碚地区1960～2009年的极端最低温度资料及2005～2007年三角花、黄桷兰的侯生长状况与物候观测资料,分析该地区冬季低温冷害的温度幅度范围、冷害影响时间及其对当地花木生长的影响。[结果]影响北碚地区花木生长的冬季低温冷害时间主要为12月下旬～2月上旬,其中影响较严重的时间为1月份,低温冷害的温度范围主要为-2～5℃;重庆北碚地区花木生长的最适温度为12～28℃,高于或低于该温度范围均影响花木正常越冬、开花和生长等;冬季任意一侯中有3d极端最低温度小于6℃时,即出现低温冷害并对花木造成较大影响。[结论]根据冬季低温冷害的特点,结合趋势预报并采取相应措施可减小冷害对花木的影响。

[Objective] The aim was to provide direction for the development of flowers and trees industry in Beibei area of Chongqing.[Method] By using the data about extreme minimum temperature of Beibei area in 1960～2009 and the phenological growth status and phenological observation data of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd and Michelia champaca in 2005～2007,the amplitude and range of temperature variation and influencing time of cold damage of this area in winter and its influence on local flowers and trees were analyzed.[Result] The cold damage influencing the growth of flowers and trees in Beibei area in winter mainly occurred in late Dec.～next early Feb.,the time with more serious influence was Jan.and the main range of temperature variation of cold damage was-2～5 ℃.The optimum temperature for the growth of flowers and trees in Beibei area of Chongqing was 12～28 ℃ and the higher and lower temperatures beyond this range all affected the normal overwintering,flowering and growth of flowers and trees.When there was 3 d with extreme minimum temperatures lower than 6 ℃ in any phenophase in winter,the cold damage would occur and cause greater influence on flowers and trees.[Conclusion] According to the characters of cold damage in winter,its influence on flowers and trees could be reduced through combining tendency prediction and adopting corresponding measures.