两种植物提取物对害虫杀虫效果的研究

Insecticidal Activity of Two Types of Plants to Harmful Insect

用60%乙醇采用破碎提取法获得苦楝叶、果皮、果肉和夹竹桃叶提取液,用煎煮法获得苦楝根皮提取液;将提取液浓缩成浸膏,并配制成不同浓度对淡色库蚊和棉铃虫幼虫进行生物测试。结果表明各提取液对两种害虫均具有一定的毒杀作用。淡色库蚊的死亡率随处理时间的延长而不断增加,48 h后趋于稳定,苦楝果肉和果皮提取物的毒杀活性最高,LC50分别为0.281 0 mg/mL和0.278 0 mg/mL;苦楝根皮提取物对棉铃虫的毒杀和拒食作用最明显,其LC50为0.187 7 mg/mL。

Using the density of 60% ethyl alcohol to get the extracting of the leaf,fruit peel,pulp of Melia azedarach,the leaf of Nerium indicum Mill,and obtained the extracting by decoct the root skin of Melia azedarach,and then concentrated and prepared different densities of them.The insecticidal activity of the plant was tested in the laboratory.Two pesticides were used to be positive control.The extract of the two had insecticidal activity to pests on certain level,the dose-effect of the mortality rate of Calex pipiens pallens were increasing by time increasing,and stabilized after 48 h.The peel and the pulp of Melia azedarach had the highest cytotoxic activity,LC50 were 0.281 0 mg/mL and 0.278 0 mg/mL respectively,the root skin of Nerium indicum Mill was most obvious to Heliothis armigera Hubner,LC50 was 0.187 7 mg/mL.