几种麻醉剂在家兔脊柱手术中的效果比较

Comparison of effects of several anesthetic in rabbit spinal surgery

目的:观察氨基甲酸乙酯、戊巴比妥钠、氯胺酮、氯胺酮+地西泮+利多卡因四组麻醉药物在家兔脊柱手术中的麻醉效果。方法:经家兔耳缘静脉缓慢注射麻醉剂麻醉家兔,然后行脊柱手术。氨基甲酸乙酯组:20%氨基甲酸乙酯1g/kg。戊巴比妥钠组:3%戊巴比妥钠30mg/kg。氯胺酮组:1%氯胺酮40mg/kg。氯胺酮+地西泮组+利多卡因组:1%氯胺酮40mg/kg+地西泮2mg/kg,在进入椎管后局部椎管内滴入2%利多卡因1ml。结果:氯胺酮组与氯胺酮+地西泮+利多卡因组相比麻醉持续时间明显缩短(P<0.05),氨基甲酸乙酯、戊巴比妥钠与氯胺酮+安定+利多卡因组相比麻醉持续时间延长(P<0.05)。戊巴比妥钠组与氯胺酮+地西泮+利多卡因组相比麻醉期间死亡率和术后瘫痪率增高(P<0.05)。氨基甲酸乙酯组与氯胺酮+地西泮+利多卡因组相比麻醉期间死亡率、术后死亡率、术后瘫痪率及术后腹部膨胀率均增高(P<0.05)。结论:在家兔脊柱手术中选用氯胺酮(40mg/kg)和地西泮(2mg/kg)缓慢静脉推注,辅以少量2%利多卡因(1ml)局部椎管内滴入的麻醉方法很有效,而且安全可靠。

Objective To observe the anesthetic effects of urethane,pentobarbital sodium,ketamine and ketamine ＋ diazepam ＋ lidocaine in rabbit spinal surgery.Method To inject anesthetics by rabbits＇ ear vein slowly,then underwent spinal surgery.The urethane group：20% urethane 1 g/kg,the sodium pentobarbital group：3% sodium pentobarbital 30 mg/kg,the ketamine group：1% ketamine 40 mg/kg,the ketamine ＋ diazepam ＋ lidocaine group：1% ketamine 40 mg/kg ＋ diazepam 2 mg/kg,then local instillation 2% lidocaine 1 ml after into the spinal canal.Results As compared with the ketamine group and the ketamine ＋diazepam ＋ lidocaine group,the duration of anesthesia was significantly shorter（P〈0.05）.And it was longer,as compared with the urethane group and the ketamine ＋ diazepam ＋ lidocaine group or the sodium pentobarbital group and the ketamine ＋ diazepam ＋ lidocaine group （P〈0.05）.And the mortality during anesthesia and postoperative paralysis rate increased（P〈0.05）,as compared with the pentobarbital sodium group and the ketamine ＋ diazepam ＋ lidocaine group.Then they were significantly higher in the mortality during anesthesia,postoperative mortality,postoperative paralysis and postoperative abdominal swelling rate（P〈0.05）,as compared with the urethane group and the ketamine ＋diazepam ＋ lidocaine group.Conclusion It is effective,safe and reliable for the anesthesia with injection of ketamine （40 mg/kg） and diazepam （2 mg/kg） by rabbits＇ ear vein slowly,then local instillation 2% lidocaine 1 ml after into the spinal canal in the rabbit spinal surgery.