世界卫生组织残疾态度量表中文版的信度、效度分析

Reliability and validity of World Health Organization-disability attitudes scales in Chinese version

背景:为客观科学地评价人们对待残疾和残疾人的态度,需研制出一份专门针对残疾和残疾人的态度量表,以了解人们对待残疾人的态度及其影响因素。目的:考核世界卫生组织残疾态度量表中文版的信度和效度。方法:采用全球多中心同步研究的方法研制世界卫生组织残疾态度量表。通过多阶段分层整群随机抽样抽取1037名残疾人、507名残疾人照顾者及354名正常人,对其进行问卷调查。对其中109名残疾人间隔1周进行量表的重复测量。采用克朗巴赫α系数评价量表的内部一致性信度,通过前后2次测量各方面得分的相关系数以及配对检验来考察量表的重测信度,采用探索性因子分析评价量表的结构效度。结果与结论:共回收残疾人问卷1000份、残疾人照顾者问卷507份、正常人问卷354份。量表回收率大于95.0%,条目缺失率低于1.10%;量表各个方面的克朗巴赫α系数为0.588～0.837;重复测量前后得分差异无显著性意义;不同人群对待残疾的态度各有不同,因子分析结果表明量表反映出的内在结构与原量表构造基本一致。说明世界卫生组织残疾态度量表中文版具有较好的可接受性、信度和效度,可用于国人对待残疾和残疾人态度的研究。

BACKGROUND：It is necessary to format a disability attitude scale in order to evaluate attitudes toward disability and persons with disability and its influencing factors.OBJECTIVE：To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese Version of World Health Organization-disability attitudes scales（WHO-DAS）.METHODS：WHO-DAS was formatted according to the standard procedure in several centers around the world at the same time.Multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit respondents.Totally 1 037 disabled people,507 carers and 354 healthy people were included in this study.Scale internal consistency reliability was determined by calculating Cronbach＇s coefficient α.109 disabled people of the disabled sample were retested to evaluate the test-retest reliability.Exploratory factor analysis was performed to evaluate the constructive validity.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：A total of 1 000 questionnaires of disabled,507 of carers and 354 of normal people were recruited.High response rate of above 95.0% and low missing item rate of less than 1.10% was reached.The α coefficients were between 0.588-0.837.There was no significant difference between the two evaluations.Different attitudes were detected between disabled people,carers and normal people.The common factor structure extracted by the exploratory factor analysis was similar to the designed structure.The results of this study support the reliability and validity of the Chinese Version of WHO-DAS scales of attitudes towards disability and persons with disability.The instrument could be used to measure the attitudes to disability and persons with disabilities in China.