单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术在颈椎病再手术中的应用及疗效分析

Open-door laminoplasty for the treatment of failed anterior cervical spine surgery

目的 评价应用单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术进行颈椎病再手术的适应证及临床疗效.方法 自2003年2月至2009年6月,对15例颈椎前路融合术后症状复发或加重的患者行后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术.分析再手术的原因和疾病进展过程,采用日本骨科学会制定的JOA评分系统评估患者脊髓神经功能恢复情况,Nurick分级评价患者行走功能.结果 1例失随访,1例术后随访时间过短,未统计入本组.其余13例患者随访时间13～52个月,平均26个月.前后两次手术间隔时间为5个月～6年,平均24个月.再手术原因包括：邻近节段退变压迫颈髓2例,首次手术减压不彻底5例,后纵韧带骨化症（OPLL）误诊颈椎病4例,局限型OPLL进展2例.再手术均采用C3-6或C7后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术.13例患者JOA评分术前和末次随访时分别为10.5和13.8分（P＜0.05）,平均神经功能改善率为53.0%.Nurick分级术前和随访时分别为3.1和1.9级（P＜0.05）,平均改善1.2级.术后并发症包括脑脊液漏1例,颈肩部轴性痛1例,C5神经根麻痹l例.结论 对于颈椎前路融合术后减压不彻底、邻近节段退变或OPLL进展导致症状复发者采用后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术可以有效缓解脊髓压迫,改善脊髓神经功能,避免再次经前方入路引起的手术风险.

Objective To evaluate the outcome of open-door laminoplasty for the treatment of failed anterior cervical spine surgery. Methods From February 2003 to June 2009, 15 patients underwent opendoor laminoplasty for the failed anterior cervical spine surgery. The causes of revision and the progression of disease were analyzed. Japanese Orthopedic Association （JOA）scores and Nurick grade were adopted to record the improvement of neurological status and walking ability. Results Two patients were excluded for analysis because of lost follow-up and follow-up less than 12 months. The mean follow-up period after revision surgery for the other 13 patients was 26 months （ranged 13-52 months）. The mean interval between the initial and revision surgery was 24 months （ ranged 5 months to 6 years）. The causes of revision were as following： degeneration of the adjacent segment in 2 cases, inadequate decompression in 5 cases, misdiagnosis of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament（OPLL） as myelopathy in 4 cases, and progression of OPLL in 2 cases. Posterior laminoplasty was recommended for each patient. After the operation,13 patients improved neurologically with respect to JOA score, 12 patients improved their walking ability while 1 remained unchanged. The mean modified JOA scores improved from 10. 5 to 13.8 （ P ＜ 0. 05 ）, the average recovery rate was 53.0% after the revision operation. The mean overall Nurick grade was 3.1 preoperatively and 1.9 at the final follow-up （ P ＜ 0.05 ）, the mean improvement of the Nurick grade was 1. 2. Complications included cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 1 case, new axial neck pain in 1 case, and transient C5 nerve root palsy in 1 case. Conclusions Open-door laminoplasty is a straightforward and effective treatment for failed anterior cervical spine surgery due to inadequate decompression, progressive OPLL or degeneration of the adjacent segment. The merit of the open-door laminoplasty for failed anterior spine fusion is able to avoid high risk from initial anterior cervical spine surgery.