纸片法头孢西丁敏感的青霉素耐药葡萄球菌分析

Analysis of cefoxitin-sensitive, penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus tested by disk diffusion method

目的 评估不同检测方法 对纸片法头孢西丁敏感,苯唑西林耐药葡萄球菌耐药性状的检测能力,并对非mecA基因介导苯唑西林耐药的匍萄球菌进行药敏谱分析.方法 收集2007年1月至2009年5月间复旦大学附属华山医院就诊患者呼吸道、尿、分泌物和无菌体液标本中分离得到的255株金黄色葡萄球菌,采用苯唑西林纸片法、苯唑西林MIC法、头孢西丁纸片法、头孢西丁MIC法枪测金黄色葡萄球菌对苯唑西林的敏感性：用苯唑西林MIC法和头孢西丁纸片法检测75株凝固酶阴性萄萄球菌对苯唑西林的敏感性：将所有葡萄球菌进行mecA基因检测,结合试验结果 分析葡萄球菌苯唑西林耐药原因,并对非mecA基因介导的苯唑西林耐药葡萄球菌用MIC法进行抗菌药敏谱分析.结果 255株纸片法头孢西丁敏感、青霉素耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌苯唑西林纸片法检测出6株中介,4株耐药;头孢西丁纸片法、头孢西丁MIC法、苯唑西林MIC法全敏感、mecA基因检测全阴性.75株纸片法头孢西丁敏感、青霉素耐药的凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌,苯唑西林MIC法59株敏感,16株耐药;mecA基因阴性为71株,阳性为4株.12株非mecA基因介导苯唑西林耐药的葡萄球菌庆大霉素敏感为10株,克林霉素8株、环丙沙星11株、红霉素6株、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑11株,头孢菌素类、替考拉宁、万古霉素、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、四环素12株.结论 金黄色葡萄球菌用头孢西丁检测mecA基因介导的苯唑西林耐药,具有很好的可靠性.凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌最好同时使用头孢西丁纸片法和苯唑西林MIC法检测mecA基因介导的苯唑西林耐药,以提高检出率.非mecA基因介导的苯唑西林耐药,临床可依据实际药物敏感实验结果 选择性使用β内酰胺酶稳定的青霉素、β内酰胺酶抑制剂复合药、头孢类和碳青霉烯类药物治疗.

Objective To evalue the ability of detecting the resistance of cefoxitin-sensitive,penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus by different methods and analyze the antibiotic susceptibility spectrum of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus which are non-mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance. Methods All the isolates were collected from Huashan hospital between 2007 and 2009. The isolates were recovered from various clinical sources, including respiratory tract, urine, secretion and sterile fluids samples. The oxacillin susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus was determined by cefoxitin disk diffusion test, cefoxitin MIC test,oxacillin disk diffusion test and oxacillin MIC test Likewise, the oxacillin susceptibility of coagulasenegative Staphylococcus was determined by cefoxitin disk diffusion test and oxacillin MIC test. All the isolates with sensitive to cefoxitin were screened for the mec A gene by PCR Finally, the MIC of non-mecA-mediated oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus were determined. Results Among 255 cefoxitin disk diffusion test sensitive and penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 6 isolates were intermediated to oxacillin and 4 were resistant by oxacillin disk diffusion test, but all the isolates were sensitive by the cefoxitin disk diffusion test,cefoxitin MIC test and oxacillin MIC test. Among 75 cefoxitin disk diffusion test sensitive and penicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, 16 isolates were resistant to oxacillin by oxacillin MIC method and 4 carried mecA gene. Among 12 non-mecA-mediated oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus, the susceptible isolates of gentamicin is 10, clindamycin is 8, ciprofloxacin is 11, erythrornycin is 6, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazo]e is 11 ,and cephalosporins, teicoplaninl, vancomycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, tetracycline are all 12. Conclusions The cefoxitin disk diffusion test can reliably predict mecA-mediated oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It would be best to combine cefoxitin disk diffusion test and oxacillin MIC test to improve accuracy of detection of mecA-mediated oxacillin resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.Furthermore, infections due to the non-mecA-mediated oxacillin resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus can be treated by penicillinase-stable penicillins, β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitor combinations, relevant cephems and carbapenems.