《野墅平林图》考

On the Ming Landscape Painting Concerning Matteo Ricci Kept in Liaoning Museum

《野墅平林图》是一幅明代中期用西方透视学原理创作的青绿山水屏风画,本为紫禁城内府藏品,清末流散民间,现为辽宁省博物馆藏品。经考证,画中银锭形木桥应为北京什刹海的银锭桥,而小桥东南岸的楼阁则是银锭桥东南岸海印寺的附属建筑。此画所描绘的景色并非北京郊外野景,而是燕京西涯八景第一美景"银锭观山"。尽管画上有利玛窦题款,但作者并非这位意大利耶稣会传教士,而是兼通东西方绘画技巧的耶稣会中国籍画师倪雅谷,利玛窦在画上题款后,觐献给万历皇帝,遂使这幅画成为紫禁城内府藏品。

The painting ＂Rustic Hut and Level Grove＂ is a blue-and-green landscape screen of the middle Ming dynasty, executed with a perspective system borrowed from Western painting. It had been held in the imperial storehouses of the Forbidden City, but was dispersed into private hands at the end of the Qing dynasty, and is now in the collection of the Liaoning Provincial Museum. In this article, the author points out that the silver-ingot-shaped wooden bridge in the painting must be the Yinding （Silver Ingot） Bridge in Shichahai in Beijing, and the buildings on the southeast river bank must therefore be the outbuildings of the Haiyin Temple. The landscape in this painting is not merely wild land on the outskirts of Beijing, but depicts the most beautiful of the eight famous views of old Yanjing city -- the ＂View of Mountains from the Yinding Bridge.＂ Although the painting has an inscription from the hand of Matteo Ricci, the Italian Jesuit mission- ary was not the painter. Rather, it was the Chinese Christian painter Ni Yagu, who was trained in painting techniques of both East and West. Matteo Ricci inscribed the painting and offered it to the Wanli Emperor, which explains how it came to be held in the imperial collections.