人工肺的现状和发展

Current State and Development of Artificial Lungs

人工肺是一项生命支持技术,可以在自身肺功能出现衰竭不能维持人体器官充分的氧供时使用,或者从长远发展来看,植入人体永久性地部分或完全替代人体肺功能。本文结合人工肺的发展过程及研究方向介绍了体外膜式氧合(ECMO)、血管内人工肺(IVAL)、植入型人工肺(IAL)、无泵体外肺辅助技术(PECLA)四种人工肺技术,阐述了这四种人工肺的结构、工作原理及其优缺点和适应证,并结合现有动物实验和回顾各中心临床治疗经验对人工肺的前景进行了展望。

The artificial lung is a technical device for providing life support;it will be put in use when the natural lungs are failing and are not able to maintain sufficient oxygenation of the body＇s organ systems.From the view-point of long-term development,the artificial lung should be permanently implanted in the body,so that it will substitute for the human pulmonary function partially or completely.In this paper,four artificial lung technologies were expounded with reference to the development and research process of artificial lung.They were extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,intravascular artificial lung,implantable artificial lung,and pumpless extracorporeal lung assist.In this paper were described the structure of the four kinds of artificial lung,the working principle,and their advantages,disadvantages and indications.The prospect of artificial lung was evaluated in the light of the data from the existing animal experiments and from the clinical experience of the centers.