闽西山地耐寒桉属树种/种源引种试验研究

Studies on Introduction of Cold-tolerant Tree Species/Provenances of Eucalyptus to Mountane Region in Western Fujian

对5.5年生21种耐寒桉树的53个种源在闽西山地的保存率和生长性状进行了比较分析。结果表明:树高、胸径、单株材积和保存率在树种/种源间均存在显著或极显著差异。经聚类分析可将参试树种/种源分为5类,适宜在闽西山地推广种植的树种包括巨桉(Eucalyptus grandis)、邓恩桉(E.dunnii)、柳桉(E.saligna)、边沁桉(E.benthamii var.benthamii)、道里格白桉(E.dorrigornsis)和赤桉(E.camaldulensis)等,其中巨桉的最优种源是来自Near Coffs Harbour NSW的20116号,5年生时材积生长量达171.03 m3hm-2,邓恩桉的最优种源是来自NSW的20633号,5年生时材积生长量达158.61 m3hm-2,边沁桉的最优种源是来自NSW的18788号,5年生时材积生长量达110.96 m3hm-2。原产地海拔对桉树的适应性影响不大,而降雨的分布类型是引种成功与否的关键性因子,最优树种/种源是来自南纬26°～30°澳大利亚昆士兰州南部、新南威尔士和维多利亚北部内陆夏雨型树种/种源,邓恩桉、巨桉、边沁桉和柳桉可耐-4～-4.5℃的低温,适宜在闽西山地引种栽培。

The introduction experiments of 21 cold-tolerant species with 53 provenances of Eucalyptus at 5.5-year-old had been carriedout,which survival and growth characteristics were studied.The results showed that there were significant differences among species and provenances in plant height,DBH and volume and survival.The tested species/provenances could be divided into five clusters by cluster analysis.The E.grandis,E.dunnii and E.benthamii,derived from Near Coffs Harbour NSW（20116） and NSW（20633 and 18788）,respectively,had high volume growth at 5-year-old for 171.03 m3 hm-2,158.61 m3 hm-2 and 110.962 m3 hm-2,respectively.The original altitude had little effect on growth and adaptability,whereas rainfall pattern was the key factor for introduction.The best species/provenances were introduced from 26°～30°S including southern Queensland,New South Wares and northern Victoria of Austria.E.dunnii,E.grandis,E.benthamii and E.saligna could tolerant the low temperature of-4℃～-4.5℃,so that they were suitable for introduction in mountane region of western Fujian.