建筑行业包工制:农村劳动力使用与城市空间生产的制度逻辑

Labour Contractual System in Construction Industry:the Institutional Logic of the Use of Rural Labour Force and Urban Spatial Production

本文试图通过对中国建筑行业普遍存在的包工制——其固有特征、运行逻辑、兴盛原因——的分析,运用马克思主义语境下的劳动力的使用与再生产这一视角重述空间政治经济学在中国的地方性实践,探索城市空间生产的制度逻辑。作者认为,包工制的再次兴盛是农民工"拆分型的劳动力使用模式"在空间生产领域中的具体体现,通过包工制度,原本在户籍制度限制之下割裂的农村劳动力的使用与再生产被纳入一个更受限制的空间,它将再生产策略与中国空间和地理的不平等相结合,既满足了城市的发展需要,又满足了资本的弹性积累需要。然而,由此而来的危机所导致的社会冲突随着经济的高速发展愈演愈烈,这些危机终究难以通过将非正式用工普遍化的包工制度得到彻底解决,在城市空间发展和资本积累过程中保障社会和谐的根本力量在于相关制度法规的建立健全和贯彻执行以及城市对于农民工劳动力再生产的承担。

This paper is an attempt to analyse the innate features, operational logic and the cause of prevalence of the labour contractual system in China＇s construction industry. Employ- ing the Marxist theory of the use and reproduction of productive force, this paper tries to rein- terpret the practice of spatial political economics in China＇s localities and explore the institution- al logic of urban spatial production. The authors argue that the revival of the labour contractual system embodies the ＂divisive use of rural labour force＂ in the domain of spatial production. Under the labour contractual system, the use and reproduction of rural labour force, which has already been limited by the household registration system, is now further tied down. The labour contractual system combines its reproduction strategy with the inequality of China＇s space and geography, thereby satisfying both the need of urban development and that of the flexible accumulation of capital. However, along with economic development, social conflicts are raging on. The crisis cannot be solved by the labour contractual system which is based on the informal use of labour. To ensure social harmony in urban spatial development and the process of capital accumulation, we need sound laws and regulations and the city＇s commitment to the reproduction of rural labour force.