中国农民专业合作社多元发展格局的理论解释——基于间接定价理论模型和相关案例的分析

A Theoretical Interpretation of Diversified Development of Specialized Farmer Cooperatives in China:Based on the Model of Indirect Pricing Theory and Case Studies

在运用间接定价理论模型对当前中国农业经营主体多样化的现状进行统一的理论解释后,本文将农民专业合作社发展的外部环境纳入模型分析,并应用案例对以农业经营主体为内核的农民专业合作社的发展格局进行了实证研究。研究表明:农民经纪人、农业合作组织、农业龙头企业等农业经营主体的出现是在农业生产与农业经营分工状态下(即专业化经济大于分工所产生的交易费用的状态下)各市场主体比较中间产品、最终产品和不同类型劳动的交易效率后选择不同的剩余权利赖以实现的最优组织结构的结果;农民合作组织、农业龙头企业这两类农业经营主体依托其外部环境发展出农民专业合作社;而兼业小农在这种农民专业合作社发展格局中注定是被盘剥的对象。

In this paper, the model of indirect pricing theory is used to give a unified interpretation of the current diversified subjects of business operation in Chinese agriculture. The external environment of the development of the specialized farmer cooperatives is incoporated in the model. With this model and some concrete cases, the paper studies the development of the specialized farmer cooperatives with the subjects of business operation as their kernel. The study shows that the emergence of agricultural business subjects such as farmer agents, agricultural cooperatives and the leading agricultural enterprises is the result of the various market subjects who, under the circumstances of the division of agricultural production and agricultural operation （i.e., the circumstances where specialized economy is larger than the transaction costs produced by labour division）, make comparison between intermediate products, final products and the transaction efficiency of various types of labour, and choose the optimal organization to realize various residual rights. Farmer cooperative organizations and the leading agricultural enterprises develop the specialized cooperatives on the strength of external environment. In the development of such specialized cooperatives, small, unspecialized businesses are doomed to be the object of exploitation.