热塑性橡实淀粉的制备和性能研究

Preparation and Properties of Thermoplastic Acorn-starch

采用熔融挤出法制备了热塑性橡实淀粉(TPAS)。通过对材料的拉伸测试、吸水性、吸湿性、X射线衍射、扫描电镜(SEM)、动态机械热(DMA)和热重分析(TGA)等,研究了乙二醇、丙三醇、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺5种不同增塑剂对材料的力学性能、吸水性能、热性能影响。研究表明:TPAS材料具有较强的吸水性和吸湿性。TPAS材料的力学性能因增塑剂种类和含量的不同以及吸湿性的不同而存在较大差异。SEM和XRD分析表明:此5种增塑剂可以较好地使橡实淀粉塑化,橡实淀粉由颗粒状结构变成均一的连续相结构,增塑剂的加入使原淀粉的结晶结构完全转变。DMA和TGA研究结果表明:不同增塑体系对于TPAS的增塑效果和热稳定性影响不大。

Thermoplastic acorn-starch（TPAS） was produced by blending acorn-starch and plasticizer with a twin-screw extruder.The effects of different plasticizers such as glycol,glycerol,monoethanolamine,diethanolamine and triethanolamine on mechanical,thermal and hydrophobic properties of blended composites were studied by tensile test analysis,water absorption analysis,moisture absorption analysis,X-ray diffraction（XRD）analysis,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）analysis,dynamic mechanical thermal analysis（DMA）and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）.The results demonstrated that TPAS materials showed strong water and moisture absorption properties.The mechanical properties of TPAS materials varied with different type of plasticizer,content of plasticizer and moisture absorption of TPAS.The results showed that these 5 plasticizers had good performance for plasticizing acorn starch by SEM and XRD analysis.The native acorn starch granules were proved to be transformed into a homogeneous continuous phase through the transformation of all crystalline structure.DMA and TGA results showed that the plasticized effect and thermal stability of TPAS materials also varied in different plasticized systems.