绿色轨迹——北美都市区开放空间保护评述与启示

GREEN TRACK— THE REVIEW AND IMPLICATION OF OPEN SPACE PROTECTION IN NORTH AMERICAN METROPOLISES

阐述了都市区尺度下开放空间保护目标的多元化趋势及生态保护、休憩娱乐、游憩走廊、社区复兴,以及城市绿色基础设施等五个最为突出的目标,并强调开放空间形态的连续性是以上多元目标与价值得以实现的至关重要的因素。选取北美十大都市区开放空间规划的典型案例,在对比剖析其连续开放空间保护发展轨迹及影响因素的基础上,指出目标冲突不可完全避免,休憩娱乐、游憩走廊与社区复兴必须建立在生态保护的基础之上,绿色基础设施则是目标整合的思维方式;总结北美绿色轨迹的特征,最后从我国开放空间保护的现实出发,提出整合现有开放空间、将开放空间规划与城市增长管理有机结合及"病毒"式扩散策略等建议。

In this paper, diversity trends of open space protection goals in metropolis are elaborated, and the same as five highlighting targets such as ecological protection, recreation and well-being, corridor and trail, community reviving and green infrastructure. The form of connecting open space is the vital element to the achievement for the diversity targets and values in emphasized. Ten metropolis areas with their excellent open-space planning in North American are selected for typical examples. Based on the contrast and analyses of connected open space protection development and impact factors, it is indicated that goals conflict can not be completely avoided, so the goals of recreation, corridor and trail, community reviving must built on the basis of the goal of ecological protection, and green infrastructure should be a integrated thinking mode. Then it is summarized that the characters of North American green track embodies in the connecting of open space form, waterfront development and utilization, optimum and effective models of institutional structure and complex multiple, interacting scales and so on. Finally, with the consideration of open space protection reality in China, suggestions such as integrating existing open space, organic bond with open-space planning and urban growth management, a ＂virus＂ approach strategies are put forward.