非洲紫罗兰的核型分析

Karyotype Analysis of Saintpaulia ionantha

将低渗技术引入染色体压片法,首次对非洲紫罗兰(Saintpaulia ionantha)缟花品种"Sunray Trail"进行了核型分析,并摸索了适用于该试材的预处理方法,为与之有关的细胞学分类、分子育种、新品种培育及转基因的细胞学检测等方面提供了细胞学依据。结果表明,供试材料为4倍体品种,其核型公式为2n=4x=28=16 m+8 sm+4 T;核型类型属于2B型;核不对称系数为63.3%;最佳预处理方法为在4℃下用0.05%的秋水仙素处理根尖2 h。

The hypotonic treatment was introduced into the normal chromosome press part in ＂Sunray Trail＂ of Saintpaulia ionantha for the first time, and the steps and operating time were adjusted. This study can provide a foundation for the researches on the cytologic classification, the molecular breeding, the cultivation of new variety and the cytological diagnosis of genetic transformation, which are related to Saintpaulia ionantha.Through comparing the various preprocessing methods and the effects of reagents, a conclusion was come to that the processing by 0.05% colchicine in 4 ~C for 2 h is the best. Results show that the Saintpaulia ionantha in this study is tetraploid, it has 8 long chromosome, 4 mid-long chromosome, 8 mid-short chromosome and 8 short chromosome. Karyotype belongs to 2B type, and the asymmetrical karyotype coefficient is 63.3% and the karyotype formula is 2n=4x=28= 16 m＋8 sm＋4 T.