三聚氰胺安全性毒理学评价

The Appraisal on Melamine Secure Toxicology

目的对三聚氰胺进行安全性毒理学评价。方法通过急性毒性试验、遗传毒性试验及喂养试验确定三聚氰胺在体内各器官分布、三聚氰胺毒作用剂量范围,是否有遗传毒性及毒作用靶器官。结果经口给予小鼠三聚氰胺,其雄性、雌性LD50均为5840mg/(kg.bw);Ames试验结果阴性;1/2、1/4、1/8LD50剂量系列遗传毒性小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠睾丸染色体畸变实验结果阴性;大鼠喂饲含有三聚氰胺的饲料(饲料中三聚氰胺含量分别为500、250、125mg/kg)28d后表现多尿、少动、体重下降,血清肌酐、尿素氮增高,肾脏外观明显改变,组织病理检查可见肾小管中存在大量晶体,肾小管上皮受损。肾脏内的晶体经液相色谱-质谱联用检测含有三聚氰胺和三聚氰酸。结论三聚氰胺雄性、雌性LD50为5840mg/(kg.bw),无遗传毒性,三聚氰胺雄性LOAEL为12.5mg/(kg.bw),雌性25mg/(kg.bw),毒作用靶器官为肾脏。

Objective To appraisal on melamine secure toxicology.Method Through the acute toxicity test,the heredity toxicity test and feeding test,determine the melamine distribution in various organs of vivo,the dose range of melamine poisonous function,and whether to have heredity toxicity and the poisonous function target organ.Results Feed the mouse on melamine,LD50 of male and female are 5840 mg/kgoBW;the result of Ames test is negative.Heredity toxic mouse marrow cell micronucleus experiment in 1/2、1/4、1/8 LD50 dosage series,the result of mouse testicle chromosomic aberration test is negative.Rats are raised feeds including melamine（melamine content in feed is 500、250、125mg/kg respectively）,After 28d,rats display polyuria,move rarely,drop of weight,myo-bitter wine in blood serum,advance in urea nitrogen,obvious change in kidney appearance.In the inspection of organization pathology,uriniferous tubules has massive crystals,the epidermis of uriniferous tubules suffer injury.The crystal in kidney are examined through liquid chromatography-mass spectrum,proved that contain melamine and cyanuric acid.Conclusions melamine LD50 of male and female are 5840mg/kgoBW,there is no heredity toxicity,melamine LOAEL of male is 12.5 mg/kgoBW,female is 25mg/kgoBW,poison affect on target organ is kidney.