先秦赋:早期文学百花园中绽放的奇葩

FU in Pre-Qin Period:A Wonderful Flower in Early Literary Garden

早期作为文体的"赋"都写作"傅"。傅,相也。古代乐师为瞽者,扶助乐师者为相。"相"除了扶助乐师、携带乐器之外,还要参与演出中的应对活动,相当于现在的报幕员。报幕的声音,不同于歌,而是另一种富有节奏感的朗诵,汉代人"不歌而诵谓之赋",正是从这里来的。赋同其它文艺形式一样,最初都是由下层劳动人民创造并在人民中间口耳相传着,它是由口传文学发展而来的书面文学。近百年出土的西汉到宋初的俗赋,其类型可大致区分为故事俗赋、论辩俗赋、歌谣体俗赋3种,文章用赋的这3种类型和文体标准对照考察先秦时期的文献,钩稽出了53篇先秦的赋或带有赋体特征的文献。

＂赋＂as a literary style was originally written as ＂傅＂. ＂傅＂is Xiang. The ancient musician is blind man, and the man who helps him is called Xiang. ＂Xiang＂ not only assists musicians, carries musical instruments, but also participates the responding activities in the performances, playing the role as today＇s announcer. The sound of announcer is different from that of songs, but another rhythmic recitation. People＇s saying in Han Dynasty recitation rather than singing is fu comes from here. Fu as another form of art was created by people from lower class and passed down orally. It developed from the oral literature to the written literature. The excavated popular fu from ＂Two Hans＂ Dynasty to Song Dynasty can be classified into three categories, popular Fu of stories, popular Fu of debates and popular Fu of chant. This paper explores the Pre-qin documents according to these three categories and literary style standards, and finds 53 documents with fu in Pre-Qin period or with its characteristic.