完全竞争市场的一般均衡计算——基于福利方程的分析框架

General Equilibrium under the Perfect Competitive Market: An Analysis Framework Based on Welfare Equations

一般均衡理论是现代经济学最为重要的组成部分和分析方法,而一般均衡的计算则是进行经济分析的前提和基础。从理论上看,完全竞争市场的一般均衡的计算主要有超额需求方程组和福利方程组两种方法,前一种方法在文献和实践中论述较多,而后一种方法则鲜有文献涉及和应用。本文对基于福利方程组的计算方法的原理和计算步骤进行了归纳阐述,并在此基础上给出了具体例子来比较两种计算方法的优劣。

General equilibrium theory is the most important part of modem economics and analysis method, and solving the general equilibrium is the foundation of economic analysis. There are two ways to solve general equilibrium in microeconomics, welfare equations and excess demand equations; the former is always discussed in the literature, while the latter rarely involved in the literature. The paper states the principle of the method of welfare equations, and then gives specific examples to compare the advantages and disadvantages of both methods.