硫化氢对中枢神经系统作用的研究进展

Research advances of the effects of hydrogen sulfide on central nervous system

在哺乳类动物中枢神经系统中硫化氢(H2S)主要来源于胱硫醚-β-合成酶(cystanthi-onine-β-synthetase,CBS)的催化作用,并受到细胞内钙浓度的影响与变构激活剂S-腺苷蛋氨酸的调节。已有的研究提示在哺乳动物的大脑中H2S充当气体信号分子,具有维持钙稳态、诱导长时程效应增强(long-term potentiation,LTP)、抑制氧化应激和调节神经信号等生理功能。H2S通过多种方式介导生物效应,除了其强还原性之外还具有促进环磷腺苷(cAMP)的生成、激活ATP依赖性的钾离子通道、增加细胞内钙浓度等作用。H2S也与中枢神经系统的作用病理学相关,比如中风、阿尔兹海默氏症等。由于实验表明控制H2S的含量能够在多种疾病模型起到保护性治疗作用,因此H2S在中枢神经系统疾病领域有良好的治疗学前景。

In mammalian central nervous system（CNS）,hydrogen sulfide（H2S） is predominately formed from the amino acid cysteine by the action of cystathionine β-synthase（CBS） and the biosynthesis of H2S is regulated by the intracellular concentration of calcium and S-adenosylmethionine which acts as an allosteric activator of CBS.A rapidly accumulating body of evidence is now available suggesting that H2S acts as a gaseous mediator or gasotransmitter in mammalian CNS.Reported physiological functions of H2S include maintenance of calcium homeostasis,potentiation of long-term potentiation（LTP）,suppression of oxidative stress,and modulation of neurotransmission.H2S,functions as a neuromodulator,exerts both potentiates or inhibits biological effects through a variety of mechanisms.Besides its pro-reducing properties,H2S is able to stimulate the production of cAMP,active ATP-activated potassium channels,and increase intracellular calcium.H2S is also involved in the pathology of central nervous system（CNS） such as stroke and Alzheimer＇s disease.Latest studies suggest controlling the content of H2S can play a protective role in the treatment in some disease models.H2S holds the potential of therapeutic value for CNS diseases.