基于SSR与AFLP指纹的4个鸡品种及其杂交后代的遗传特征分析

Analysis on Genetic Characteristic of 4 Chicken Breeds and their Hybriol Offspring based on SSR and AFLP Fingerprint

利用20对微卫星引物和6种AFLP引物组合对狄高黄鸡（T1、T2）、安卡红鸡（A）、石岐杂鸡（S）、隐性白羽鸡（D1、D2）4个鸡品种及其F1代、F2代计9个群体进行遗传特征分析,研究4个鸡种亲本间及其与F1代、F2代不同群体间的遗传关系。结果显示20个微卫星座位在9个鸡群体中共检测到126个等位基因,等位基因数最多达9个,最少为4个,获得的平均等位基因数为6.3个。9个群体平均杂合度在0.281~0.695之间,多态信息含量在0.245~0.664之间;亲本4个品种6个群体平均杂合度在0.281~0.391之间,多态信息含量在0.245~0.367之间;F1代与F2代的平均杂合度在0.601~0.695之间,多态信息含量在0.553~0.664之间;4个亲本之间的遗传距离为0.4882~0.6230,亲本与F1代的遗传距离在0.1238~0.1714,亲本与F2代的遗传距离在0.2631~0.3104,F1与F2的遗传距离为0.1322和0.1442;6种AFLP引物组合在9个鸡群体中检测到了数量不等的特异性条带,其中F2最多,为5条,亲本隐性白羽鸡最少,为1条。表明分子遗传检测结果与鸡品种（群体）的选育状况基本一致,为预测品种（系）之间的杂种优势,配套系的培育提供了科学依据,同时为从分子水平鉴定鸡品种奠定了研究基础。

In order to study the heredity relation between parents of 4 chicken breeds of Digao yellow（T1、T2）,Anka（A）,Shiqiza（S）,Recessive White（D1、D2）and with their F1 and F2 generation,the 20 microsatellite markers and 6 AFLP primers combinations were used to detect genetic variation of 9 chicken populations.The results indicated that there were 126 alleles on 20 microsatellite loci in 9chicken populations,the most was 9 and the least was 4,the average alleles was 6.3.The average heterozygosity of 9 populations was between 0.281 and 0.695,and the average of polymorphism information content was between 0.245 and 0.664.The average heterozygosity of 9 populations in 4 parental breeds was between 0.281 and 0.391,and the average of polymorphism information content was between 0.245 and 0.367.The average heterozygosity between F1 and F2 was between 0.601 and 0.695,and the average of polymorphism information content was between 0.553 and 0.664.The genetic distance between 4 parents was 0.4882~ 0.6230,parent and F1 was 0.1238~ 0.1714,parent and F2 was 0.2631~ 0.3104,F1 and F2 was 0.1322 and 0.1442.The 6 AFLP primers combinations generated disparity specific bands in 9 chickens populations,the most was 5 of F2,and the least was 1 of parent Recessive White.It concluded that the molecular genetic detected results were basically consistent with the selective breeding status of chicken breeds（populations）,which provided scientific basis for forecast heterosis between breeds（lines） and the breeding of synthetic line,simultaneously it established the research basis for the identification of chicken breeds on the level of molecule.