小儿急性中毒出院转归的影响因素研究

The discharge outcome and clinical influential factors of acute poisoning in children

目的探讨影响儿童急性中毒出院转归的临床因素，为其干预提供参考依据。方法使用自拟“儿童急性中毒相关因素调查表”回顾性调查小儿急性中毒168例，并根据出院转归分析影响因素。结果168例中，治愈80．95％，好转9．52％，放弃治疗3．57％，未愈1．20％，死亡4．76％。出院转归的影响因素中患儿年龄、就诊时间、毒物侵入途径、毒物种类、入院体检情况等差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论通过加强对幼儿的监护、中毒后及早就诊可改善出院转归，而非经胃肠道侵入中毒者、百草枯中毒和入院体检有呼吸、瞳孔、意识等异常者出院转归差，应该严密监护，及时处理。

Objective To investigate the discharge outcome and its clinical influential factors of acute poisoning in children, and to provide the clinical references for prevention. Methods Questionaire a- bout acute poisoning in children made by the research group, the hospitalized children and the influential fac- tors were analyzed according to the outcome. Results Among 168 cases of acute poisoning hospitalized chil- dren,the curative rate was 80. 95%, 16 cases （ 9. 52% ） were improved, 6 cases （ 3. 57% ） were quitted, 1.20% was ＇ not curative＇ and 4. 76% died. The factors including age, treatment time, route of entry, varie- ties of poison, medical examination of admission were statistically associated with the discharge outcome. Conclusion The outcome can be improved through an intensive nurse of the children under the age of three and early treatment. The cases who were not poisoned by the invasion of gastrointestinal tract, paraquat poi- soning,and those with abnormalities of breathing, pupilla, awareness in medical examination of admission would have poor discharge outcomes, and should be monitored closely and treated timely.