锡林浩特城市景观格局时空动态特征研究

Temporal-Spatial Characteristics of Landscape Pattern in Xilinhot

文章以1987年、2000年及2006年三期TM影像(Landsat 5)为信息源,基于GIS技术对锡林浩特市市区及其近郊进行景观分类并生成景观类型图,将景观类型划分为10大类。用景观格局分析软件FRAGSTATS 3.3从类型和景观两个水平上计算各类景观指数,并计算景观转移矩阵,定量揭示了整个景观格局与类型特征。研究结果表明,在过去20余年内,研究区内居民用地、工矿仓储用地、交通用地、园林用地及商业文化用地等人工景观面积增加明显,分别增长了5.12km2、8.56km2、2.92km2、1.00km2和1.65km2,以草地为主的其他景观近20年减少面积占整个研究区面积的8.54%。在景观水平上,1987年、2000年和2006年多样性指数分别为0.21、0.28和0.33,均匀度指数分别为0.44、0.62和0.77,加权平均面积周长比为19.3、26.72和30.38,说明研究区景观类型分布更加均匀,破碎化程度增高,斑块形状复杂程度明显升高。

In this paper, 1987, 2000 and 2006 TM images （Landsat 5） as the information source, based on GIS technique, remote sensing were interpreted to extract landscape information and classify the landscape into 10 types in the urban and suburbs of Xilinhot City. This paper attempts to apply a spatial pattern analysis software FRAGSTATS3.3 to analyze quantitatively the landscape patterns of the scope of research which has been divided into there scales. The author calculated a set of landscape indices that corresponds to the two scale levels of class and landscape. The results show that, artificial landscapes were increased obviously; residential area, factory and mine area, road, city garden landscape and commercial and cultural landscape were increased by 5.12 km^2, 8.56 km^2, 2.92 km^2, 1.00 km^2 and 1.65km^2, other landscape dominated by grassland to reduce the total area of 8.54%. At the landscape level, 1987, 2000 and 2006, diversity index were 0.21, 0.28 and 0.33, evenness index were 0.44, 0.62 and 0.77, the weighted average size of perimeter ratio were19.3, 26.72 and 30.38. Study shows that more uniform distribution of landscape types, the degree of fragmentation increased the complexity of patch shape significantly increased too.