幼儿园集体教学中教师提问的现状及其改进

On the Teacher Questioning in the Collective Teaching Activity

本研究对观察记录的26个集体教学活动中来自教师的1453个提问进行分析,发现当前集体教学中,教师的提问多限于低水平的认知类问题,其主要目的是传授知识和技能;教师的提问通常不能面向全体幼儿,有20%左右的幼儿从来未被教师提问,教师更倾向对能力较强、性格活泼的幼儿提问;在提出问题后,教师虽有等候意识,但实际给予幼儿思考的时间都十分短暂,通常在1秒左右;幼儿的回答方式以个别作答、集体齐答、自由回答为主,而少有讨论后汇报的方式;当幼儿回答正确时,教师会表层化地追问,而当幼儿回答不正确、不完整或未回答时,教师多采用重述、简单否定、自己代答等方式;教师提问的有效性普遍不高,要么不能引导幼儿思维,要么不能抓住关键问题,要么与幼儿经验不符。为改变这种低效或无效的提问现状,教师需要根据教学内容、幼儿已有经验水平、幼儿发展的兴趣与需要精心设计提问,全面考虑问题的类型与难度、给予幼儿思考的时间、允许幼儿回答的方式以及教师自己的应答方式,使提问真正发挥促进幼儿思维与发展的作用,提高整个教学活动设计与实施的水平。

Based on analyzing 1453 spot records of teacher questioning and scenes in the collective teaching activity, this research discusses the types of teacher questioning, thinking level, waiting time, the answer styles of the child, the response styles of teachers, the objective and universality of the questions, questioning techniques, etc. It＇s found that there are problems in teacher questioning which include： large numbers but low quality questions, the lack of wait time, immature response styles, narrow objective, disequilibrium of the child＇s answer styles, inefficient questions, etc. How to solve the problems is also discussed in the article.