日本教习对中国幼教事业初期发展的影响

Japanese Teachers and the Modernization of Chinese Childhood Education

清朝末年,清政府在全面模仿日本学制的基础上正式确定了幼儿教育作为学制第一阶段的法律地位。为弥补国内幼教师资的不足,除了选派学生留学日本外,新设立的幼稚园或蒙养院都争先恐后地聘请日本教习,由她们主持幼教机构开办章程与课程设置,并承担具体的保教工作。随着女子受教育禁忌的打破,女子师范学堂及私立幼教师资培训机构也积极聘请日本教习,为中国培养了最早的一批幼教师资。因此实事求是地说,虽然大量引入和倚重日本教习产生了"东洋化"等弊端,日本教习对推动中国学前教育的初期发展还是做出了积极的贡献的。

Childhood education was introduced from Japan at the end of Qing Dynasty. Japanese teachers are the mainstay in all kinds of childhood education institutions and kindergarten training schools during this period. This paper analyzes the reasons of employing Japanese teachers and their distributions, teaching activity and curricula, through which to clarify the importance of Japanese teachers in the initial development of Chinese childhood education.