抽象人格权与人格权体系之构建

Abstract Personality Right and the Construction of Personality Right System

当今的人格权法中出现了一般人格权、人格商业利用权以及自我决定权等。这些非具体人格权的产生是对具体人格权的补充性发展,而非体系构建的产物,因而由其与具体人格权共同构成的人格权体系内部产生了矛盾。传统民法注重对外在人格和内在人格的保护,对此通过具体人格权制度予以实现,但对于处于人格核心地位的意志自由则欠缺保护。意志决定自由是人格的本质,决定了人的人格个性和人格发展,民法应当予以保护。抽象人格权就是对于意志自由的保护。它包括自我决定权、一般人格权和人格商业利用权。抽象人格权在人格权体系中的地位是具体人格权的权能,同时具有一定的独立性。由抽象人格权与具体人格权构成完整的人格权体系,对意志自由、内在人格和外在人格提供全面的保护,并且可以解决具体人格权与各种非具体人格权之间的矛盾。

After 100 years development, except for concrete personality rights, personality right law also includes non--concrete personality rights such as general personality right, personality＇s commercial use right, and self--determination right. They are the supplement to the concrete personality rights, not the result of systemic construction, so the system made up of them and concrete personality rights is full of contradictions. The construction of personality right system should be based on the classification of personality, so that the corresponding relation between concrete personality rights and abstract personality rights can take form and the above--mentioned contradictions will be overcome. Personality can be divided into three aspects, that is, free will, internal personality, and external personality. Traditional civil law focuses on the protection of external and internal personality through concrete personality rights, but free will is not under its protection. Because the determinative treedom of will is the essence of personality, which determines the attribute and development of an individual and is confirmed by constitution, it must be protected by civil law. Abstract personality riglats including self--determination right, general personality right and personality^s commercial use right can supply full protection for the determinative freedom of will. In the system of personality right, abstract personality rights are the functions of concrete personality rights, but also have relative independence. Thus the whole system of personality right is made up of abstract personality rights and concrete personality rights, and supplies full protection for free will, internal personality, and external personality.