犯罪主体的消解——一个学术史的考察

The Fading-away of Subject of Crime

犯罪主体是四要件犯罪构成理论中的一个要件,同时也是争议较大的一个要件。本文对犯罪主体作为犯罪构成的一个要件的形成过程进行了学术史的考察。尤其是对围绕着犯罪主体展开的理论探讨进行了评述。本文认为,犯罪主体本身蕴含着的矛盾正是四要件犯罪构成理论的内在矛盾的体现。随着三阶层犯罪论体系引入我国,犯罪主体将被析分为行为主体与刑事责任能力,分别在构成要件和责任中加以研究,因而犯罪主体的概念将不复存在,这就是一个犯罪主体消解的过程。

Subject of crime is an element of the theory of quadripartite constitutive elements of a crime, and it is also one of the most controversial elements. From the perspective of intellectual history, the author examines the process of formation of subject of crime as a constitutive element of a crime. In particular, the author comments on various theoretical discussions about subject of crime. The author argues that contradictions embodied in subject of crime itself represent exactly the intrinsic contradictions of the theory of quadripartite constitutive elements of a crime. With the introduction of tripartite system of crime into China, subject of crime will be replaced by subject of conduct and capacity for criminal responsibility. The latter will be studied in tatbestand and schuld respectively. Consequently, the concept of subject of crime will no longer exist and this is nothing but a process of fading-away of subject of crime.