能源效率与节能潜力的国际比较——以中国与OECD国家为例

International Comparison between the Energy Efficiency and the Energy Saving Potential:A Case of China and OECD Countries

本文基于超效率DEA方法,利用1995～2007年中国与10个OECD国家的要素投入、经济产出数据,分别测算出各国在该时期内的全要素能源效率和节能潜力。结果表明:(1)如果采用能源强度指标,中国能源利用效率可能会被低估,而全要素能源效率指标可以更全面、合理地反映出产业结构变动和技术水平变化对能源效率的影响。(2)中国全要素能源效率逐年提高,节能潜力逐年降低,与发达国家的差距正趋于缩小。(3)知识投入对于能源效率的提高有很强的推动作用。

Based on super-efficiency DEA approach,this paper calculated the total factor energy efficiency and energy saving potential of 10 OECD countries and China from 1995 to 2007 with the elements of investment and economic output data of each country in this period.The results show that:(1)China′s energy efficiency may be underestimated if we used the energy intensity index,total factor energy efficiency is more rational-comprehensive to reflect the impact of the changes in industrial structure and technical levels on energy efficiency.(2) China′s energy efficiency is increasing year by year while energy saving potential is decreasing,which reduces the gap with the developed countries.(3)The inputs of knowledge has a strong impetus for the increase of energy efficiency.