论医疗过失诉讼的基本特征与缺陷——兼评我国医疗损害责任制度的改革

Characteristics and Defects of Medical Malpractice Litigation:Review of Medical Liability Reform in China

医疗过失诉讼具有过失认定的专业性和不确定性、医疗损害的基础性和自然进展性、因果关系判断的复杂性与多元性等基本特征,并存在诉讼结果的非预测性、证明责任的医患两难性以及诉讼导致医患对立的缺陷。这些基本特征与缺陷是基于医疗服务和法律的专业性以及医学与法学的局限性而产生的,与一个国家的法律制度与医疗服务模式没有关系。我国当前的医疗损害责任制度改革并没有充分认识到这些因素,以至采取了开放性的医疗过失诉讼制度,并在某些方面基本上视医疗损害责任为一般人身损害责任。这种改革趋势加剧了医疗服务的非医学化,有违医学规律,在某种程度也违背了法律的公平原则。

The characteristics of medical malpractice are the profession and uncertainty of identifying malpractice, the basis and progress of medical disease, the complexity and diversity of causality. Medical malpractice litigation also shows some defects. We can not predict the outcome of litigation. There is a dilemma for doctors and patients on how to take burden proof. Litigation also leads patient and doctors to confront. These characteristics and defects are based on the profession of medical service and law, as well as the limitations of medicine and law. There is no relationship between a country＇s legal system and medical services model, Because we do not fully understand these factors in the process of medical liability system reform, we take an open model of medical malpractice litigation and consider medical damage liability as general personal injury liability in some aspects. This reform trend intensifies the non-medical technology of medical service, It is against the medicine law and the principle of equity to some degree.