中国部分地区玉米中4种黄曲霉毒素污染调查

Aflatoxin contamination of corn samples collected from six regions of China

目的了解中国玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、黄曲霉毒素B2(AFB2)、黄曲霉毒素G1(AFG1)和黄曲霉毒素G2(AFG2)的污染状况。方法从吉林、河南、湖北、四川、广东、广西采集玉米样品,用HPLC测定黄曲霉毒素含量。结果共测定279份玉米,黄曲霉毒素阳性率为75.63%,阳性样品平均浓度为44.04μg/kg,浓度范围0.20～888.30μg/kg。四川、湖北、广西、河南、广东和吉林样品的阳性率依次为90.48%、93.75%、87.50%、36.96%、91.84%和52.17%,平均浓度依次为107.93、70.98、39.65、8.06、3.70和1.15μg/kg。4种毒素中AFB1阳性率和平均浓度最高,分别为74.55%和39.64μg/kg;AFB2、AFG1和AFG2的阳性率和平均浓度依次降低,阳性率分别为58.42%、41.22%和19.71%,平均浓度分别为3.81、3.47和0.51μg/kg。结论玉米的黄曲霉毒素污染比较普遍;调查的各地样品均有不同程度污染,总体上南方地区高于北方;4种毒素中以AFB1污染为主。

Objective To identify the aflatoxins contamination of corn in China.Methods Aflatoxins B1,B2,G1 and G2 in 279 corn samples collected from 6 provinces or autonomous regions were determined by HPLC.Results Aflatoxins were detected in 75.63% of 279 corn samples.The average concentration of positive samples was 44.04μg /kg,with a range of 0.20-888.30μg /kg.The positive rates of samples from Sichuan,Hubei,Guangxi,Henan,Guangdong and Jilin Provinces were 90.48%,93.75%,87.50%,36.96%,91.84% and 52.17% respectively,with an average concentration of 107.93,70.98,39.65,8.06,3.70μg /kg,and 1.15μg /kg respectively.AFB1 was detected more frequently and with higher levels than the other three aflatoxins,with a positive rate of 74.55% and an average concentration of 39.64μg /kg.The positive rate of AFB2,AFG1 and AFG2 was 58.42%,41.22% and 19.71% respectively,and the average concentration of them was 3.81,3.47 and 0.51μg /kg respectively.Conclusion Corn samples collected from all six regions are contaminated widely with aflatoxins in various degrees.The contamination of aflatoxins in the South was more serious than that in the North of China.AFB1 is the prominent one among the four aflatoxins.