纳米粒子的生物安全性研究进展

The Research Progress of Biological Safety on Nanoparticles

纳米材料具有表面效应、小尺寸效应、量子尺寸效应、宏观量子效应等特殊性质,在社会生产和生活中有广阔的应用前景,其对人体健康及环境的潜在影响已引起科学界及政府部门的关注。综述了大量常见的人工纳米粒子,包括碳纳米材料、纳米氧化物、纳米金属单质等的生物和毒理学国内外研究成果,比较了这些材料的毒理行为,分析了其生物毒性的产生机理,并展望了纳米粒子生物安全性研究的可能方向。

Nano-materials with the effect of surface, small size, quantum size and macroscopic quantum can be extensively applied in manufacture area and daily life. The potential influence of nanomaterials to human health and environmental safety has attracted more and more attentions of global authorities and scientists. The research achievements on biological effects and toxicology of different types of nanoparticles are reviewed, including carbon, oxides, metals and other components. The toxicology behaviors of these nanomaterials are compared and the mechanism of biology toxicology are analyzed. The future research topics in this area are also proposed.